Administrative Issues Research Articles

Space-temporal analysis of groundwater quality in three areas of the state of Yucatán, México, and its relationship with existing anthropogenic activity.

Groundwater in the Yucatan State is the only source of water. The karst aquifer in Yucatan is vulnerable to pollution. Anthropic activities in Yucatan, such as pig farming, are usually related to high wastewater discharges and water pollution. Administrative and logistical issues in developing on-site sampling to evaluate water quality are common in Mexico. The RENAMECA database provides official data related to groundwater quality. However, no analysis based on this database has been reported. A groundwater quality evaluation based on five reference pig farms and the effect of spatial and temporal anthropic activities in the study area was developed. Eighteen wells based on their location concerning the selected pig farms were studied. On-site sampling and laboratory analysis of the supply water and wastewater in the study case farm were done. Fecal coliforms (FC) values (maximum 2850 MPN [100mL] -1) in most cases for supply water wells exceeded the allowed limit by NOM-127-SAA1-2021. The year of monitoring was significant (P <  0.05) on FC concentrations. Population density and the proximity of wells to population centers affect negatively the presence of total dissolved solids (TDS) and total nitrogen (TN). TDS (maximum value 2620mg L -1) and phosphorus presence could be related to agricultural activities, human settlements, and local aquifer conditions. A local wastewater treatment issue is evident. Groundwater is not quality for consumption without treatment. Regarding the issues in on-site water monitoring, database analysis provides an approximation of the real situation of groundwater quality.

Students' Barriers and Emotional Presence in Online Learning: A Canonical Correlation Analysis

Addressing the barriers students face in online learning is critical to creating an inclusive, supportive, and practical educational experience that benefits many students. The aim of this study is to examine students' online learning barriers and emotional presence, which affect many variables in online learning environments, and the relationship between these variables. For this purpose, data was collected from 402 university students enrolled in the same course at a university. According to the data collected from the students, it can be said that the student's barriers to online learning are at a medium level for eight sub-factors ((a) administrative issues, (b) social interaction, (c) academic skills, (d) technical skills, (e) learner motivation, (f) time and support for studies, (g) cost and access to the Internet, and (h) technical problems). Similarly, it was found that students' emotional presence in online learning is at an average level for Receiving Emotions (x̄=3,438) and Giving Emotions (x̄=2,994) factors. Canonical correlation analysis was used to show the relationship between student barriers and emotional presence. As a result of this analysis, it was concluded that the canonical correlation was low. It was observed that the factor that contributed the most to the significant model among student barriers was the factor of administrative/instructor issues, and the factor of receiving emotions factor was one of the emotional presence factors.

Investigating the Inclusion of Human Rights Education in Pakistani Elite Schools: A Qualitative Content Analysis of History Textbooks

Pakistani educational system is broadly divided into public and private sectors. Due to specific financial and administrative issues, the public sector has failed to produce social capital that could serve as an advocate of human rights. However, elite schools in the private sector are better equipped to educate their students on human rights. Through qualitative content analysis, the present study explores the status of human rights in history textbooks taught in elite schools from grade 6 to O-levels and the International Baccalaureate (I.B.) Middle Years Programme (MYP). It was observed that the human rights issues in Pakistan remained part of the null curriculum in the books published for Pakistani students. In the I.B. books, human rights issues were discussed at the global level, leaving elite students ignorant and oblivious to the state of human rights in Pakistan. It is suggested that human rights should be transformed from abstract and generalized statements to absolute and concrete reality, first stemming from local society and then advancing to a global community.

Negative clinic experiences as a barrier to care for people with HIV and their impact on patient preferences for intervention support: a qualitative study in Cape Town, South Africa

ABSTRACT We conducted qualitative research among people with HIV (PWH) and care providers in Cape Town, South Africa to understand the impact of negative clinic experiences on adherence and support preferences. In-depth interviews were conducted with 41 patients with an unsuppressed viral load or a treatment gap, and focus group discussions with physicians, nurses, counselors, and community health workers. Questions addressed treatment history and adherence barriers, then participants evaluated evidence-based adherence interventions for potential scale up. Inductive analysis examined care experiences and corresponding preference for intervention options. More than half of PWH described negative experiences during clinic visits, including mistreatment by staff and clinic administration issues, and these statements were corroborated by providers. Those with negative experiences in care stated that fear of mistreatment led to nonadherence. Most patients with negative experiences preferred peer support groups or check-in texts to clinic-based interventions. We found that PWH’s negative clinic experiences were a primary reason behind nonadherence and influenced preferences for support mechanisms. These findings emphasize the importance of HIV treatment adherence interventions at multiple levels both in and outside of the clinic, and providing more comprehensive training to providers to better serve PWH in adherence counseling, especially those who are most vulnerable..

Challenges of Implementing Gamification in Medical Education: A Scoping Review

The objective of this scoping review was to identify the challenges in implementing gamification in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Three electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed and Pakmedinet were searched for articles published between 2010 and 2021. Eleven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Included articles comprised of 3 original articles, 5 reviews, 1 each of commentary, case study and letter. Majority of the studies (9, 81.8%), addressed administrative and logistic issues. 6 (54.5%) studies analyzed the issues related to learners and 5(45.5%) studies each analyzed the issues due to game design and faculty factors. In conclusion, the trend of using gamification in medical education is increasing owing to their potential of improvement in learning outcomes and increase in student engagement. But the challenges and barriers to successful gamification implementation need to be analyzed in advance at the institutional level so that strategies to combat these issues may be developed

Patient-reported wait times and the impact of living with chronic pain on their quality of life: A waiting room survey in chronic pain clinics in Ontario, Manitoba, and Quebec

Background Wait-times at Canadian multidisciplinary pain clinics have been reported as excessive for nearly two decades. Aims To gain insight into the patient experience of waiting for chronic pain specialty care. Methods A cross-sectional survey of new patients waiting for an appointment was conducted in 6 multidisciplinary pain clinics in Ontario, Quebec, and Manitoba between February 2020 and October 2022. One clinic was pediatric. Participants were asked about the length of time they waited for their appointment since being referred, their quality-of-life, healthcare professionals seen while waiting, and an open-ended question “Is there anything else you’d like to tell us?” Results Among the 484 adult and 99 pediatric respondents, 53% of adults and 82% of children reported wait times under 6 months, whereas 22% of adults and 4% of children waited longer than a year. Between 52-63% of adults and 29-48% of children reported being affected by chronic pain “quite a bit” or “extremely” on measures of quality of life. The most visited healthcare professionals while waiting for a pain clinic appointment were family doctors/nurse practitioners for adults, and physiotherapists for children. Qualitative analysis of open-ended question responses revealed 8 themes: system navigation issues, administrative issues, decreased quality of life, distress, self-advocacy, coping strategies, communication, and distrust. Conclusions Our findings provide real-time regional snapshots into the impact of long wait times experienced by Canadians living with chronic pain. There is an urgent need to better support patients during the waiting period. Expanding technologies such as electronic consultation hold great promise.

A Changing Landscape: Exploring the Relationship between Clean and Clear Status Policy, Coal Mining, and Deforestation

Coal plays a crucial role in energy generation in developing nations and serves as a vital source of power amidst growing energy demands. However, coal mining often acts as a primary driver of deforestation and poses significant environmental challenges. Indonesia, a country with extensive forest areas and a significant coal producer, has implemented a Clean and Clear status policy to address regional and administrative issues related to mining permits. This study aims to assess the impact of this government permit for coal mining in forest areas using the fixed effect panel data method, offering insights into the relationship between coal mining activities and deforestation trends. The analysis focused on the period from 2010 to 2019 and covered 110 regencies in Indonesia, providing a comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of forest loss. The estimation findings indicated a negative correlation between the areas allocated for coal mining concession permits and forest areas, underscoring the need for stringent regulations and effective land management practices. Therefore, it is recommended that the Clean and Clear status policy not only be applicable during the permit granting phase, but also prioritize post-mining periods to ensure the completion of land reclamation activities.

The Impact Profile and Adenosine Deaminase of Age and Female Sex on Its Level in Patients with Pleural Effusion Syndrome

Background: Pleural fluid analysis and closed pleural biopsy are integral parts in the investigative work up of an exudative pleural effusion. For diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), the yield of pleural fluid culture for mycobacteria is low at about 36%. Objective: To evaluate the levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the pleural fluids (P-ADA) of untreated and non-surgically manipulated female and male adult patients with several confirmed causes of PES. Methods: This was an observational study conducted at dept. of Internal Medicine, 250 Bedded Mohammad Ali Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh from January to June 2023. 100 pleural fluid samples from 100 patients with proven causes of PES. The sample size was appropriate according to the study design. Written consent was obtained from all patients. It was precise enough to calculate descriptive and inferential statistics on type I and II errors, effect size, standard deviation, and was not influenced by administrative issues and costs. Results: 100 patients summarize the prevalence of the causes of PES and the demographic characteristics. TB was the most prevalent cause of PES (28/100, 28%). Most prevalent male sex was in the lymphoma group (4/0, 100%). None of the five patients with lymphoma were female. When the frequencies were compared for males and females, only adenocarcinoma and lymphoma were significant (chi- square tests, p=0.0021 and p=0.0003, respectively). The causes, prevalence, and median P-ADA (n/%/U/L) were tuberculosis (28/28.0/42.0), adenocarcinoma (24/24.0/9.75), transudate (21/21.0/6.85), simple parapneumonic pleural effusions (PPE; 10/10.0/9.38), complicated PPE/empyema (5/5.0/32.9), lymphoma (4/4.0/401.2), squamous cell carcinoma (4/4.0/13.11), and others (4/4/15.2). For P-ADA, Dunn's post hoc test revealed significance for tuberculosis vs. transudates, vs. simple PPE, and vs. adenocarcinoma (all P&lt;0.05), and not significant for CPPE/empyema, lymphoma, SCC, and others (all P&gt;0.05). For age, Dunn’s post hoc test revealed significance for tuberculosis vs. transudates, vs. simple PPE, and vs. adenocarcinomas (all P&lt;0.05). Sex was not significant in the overall PES group (Chi=0.062, P=0.8028). Kendall's correlation of the relationship between P-ADA and age for pleural tuberculosis (n=26) was significant after 1000 iterations with bootstrap for 95% CI (Tau=-0.213, 95% CI - 0.449-0.0833, P=0.0490). A negative LOESS regression was evident between P-ADA and age &gt;40 years. Conclusions: Evaluation of pleural ADA levels is useful for diagnosing pleural tuberculosis, while sex is not. A negative and significant relationship between P- ADA level and age &gt;40 years was evident.

SYSTEM OF STATE REGULATION OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF MANAGING STAFF OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

The article addresses the topical issue of public administration of professional training for higher medical education management personnel in Ukraine. It explores the current state and development prospects of the training system for managers of higher medical education institutions, and identifies priority areas for its improvement. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to provide the Ukrainian healthcare system with highly qualified managers capable of effectively managing higher medical education institutions in the context of dynamic changes and integration into the European and world educational and scientific space. The article defines the main approaches and mechanisms for implementing state policy in the field of healthcare and higher medical education. It identifies the directions for improving the organizational, legal, and economic mechanisms of state regulation of professional training for management personnel of higher medical institutions in Ukraine in terms of clarifying the content of the key research concepts "management personnel of higher medical education institutions" and "state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions". It is determined that the reforming and development of the healthcare and higher medical education sector of Ukraine in the context of integration into the European and world educational and scientific space requires the preparation of a new generation of managers - healthcare managers. It is determined that this category of managers includes vice-rectors and heads of relevant scientific, educational-methodological and educational commissions, deans and vice-deans of faculties, heads of departments and other structural units. The formation of a comprehensive mechanism of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions should be carried out on the basis of such principles as scientific justification, legality, common interests and values, consistency, comprehensiveness, systematicity, subsidiarity, transparency, innovation, adequacy, efficiency, and responsibility. The article analyzes the features of the system of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical education institutions in Ukraine and abroad. Based on a comparative analysis of management training systems in 6 developed countries of the world, it is proved that the system of professional training and advanced training of management personnel of higher medical education institutions should function in accordance with the current trends in the healthcare sector and the field of higher medical education, comply with the implementation of state policy principles, and be systematic. Statistical analysis of the dynamic changes in the indicators of provision with higher medical education institutions and medical institutions over the years of Ukraine's independence demonstrates the need for joint coordination and cooperation to coordinate the efficiency of the healthcare system. Thus, the article reveals the essence and features of state administration of professional training for management personnel of higher medical institutions, analyzes the regulatory framework governing this area, and identifies the main areas for improving the training system for managers of higher medical education institutions, namely: Updating the content and forms of training; Introduction of innovative teaching methods; Improvement of teachers' qualification; Strengthening the practical focus of training; Development of international cooperation.

Struktura i obsada kadrowa Wydziału Budownictwa Miasta Lublin 1939–1942

The issue of the administrative system in the General Government has not yet been sufficiently studied and developed. This article is of a scientific and research nature. The author presents the structure, competences and staff of the Department of Civil Engineering, one of the main departments of administration of the city of Lublin, the capital city of the Lublin district in the years 1939–1944. The aim of the research was also to show that the entire administrative apparatus in Lublin functioned under the full supervision of the German authorities and was obliged to follow the instructions of the occupier. The issue of territorial and local administration in the area of the General Government definitely requires further research. There are works referring to individual county and municipal administration bodies, but there is a noticeable lack of synthesis taking into account all structural and organizational aspects of administration and containing an assessment of its functioning. The main source of information are archival materials available at the State Archives in Lublin (Files of the City of Lublin 1939–1944). In addition to the characteristics of the Department of Civil Engineering, the article also describes the basics of the administrative system in the General Government and the Lublin district.

Flawed Administration through the Lens of Free Access to Public Information

This paper conducts an analysis of the concept of "good administration" in contrast to the concept of "flawed administration", with both concepts being examined through the lens of free access to public information. Issues related to access to public information are often timely and can have a significant impact on society and political processes. Therefore, research in this field can be particularly relevant and can capture public attention. Transparent and responsible public administration is essential for good governance. This theme can contribute to identifying issues of flawed administration in the domain of public information communication and can provide solutions for enhancing governmental transparency. The uniqueness of the theme lies in its multifaceted approach, including transparency and administrative responsibility, legislation concerning access to public information, as well as the use of specific case studies to illustrate issues related to this topic. Thus, in this article, we will present several pertinent cases from judicial practice that illustrate how flawed administration is often linked to the denial or restriction of access to public information.

STRATEGIC MARKETING MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS IN THE COMMERCIAL FISHING SECTOR IN THE CITY OF BOGOTÁ- COLÔMBIA

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop the analysis of strategic marketing management in the commercial fishing sector in the Paloquemao plaza in Bogotá, in order to increase productivity, based on sustainability models.&#x0D; Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the sustainability model for SMEs describes how to improve the relationship of a company's human capital and how, based on these, the environmental components are integrated into the processes and therefore the economic component is adjusted by generating a better organizational climate. which permeates the marketing management of companies and improves their visibility as should happen in the commercial fishing sector of the city of Bogota.&#x0D; Method: An exploratory and comparative study was used, the analysis included a parallel between the theoretical analyzes with the fishing sector of Lima Peru, the sustainability model and marketing models and based on marketing study categories, interviews were conducted with managers of commercial companies. fisheries to then develop a correlation analysis of the categories between the years 2020 and 2023.&#x0D; Results and Discussion: It was found that informality versus the established company that some distributors only have a warehouse as a warehouse while others have a complete infrastructure; others have a good diversification of products for their clients and finally, marketing is short-term and with little strategic management.&#x0D; Research Implications: The research shows that there is little access to training on administrative issues, financial management and safety issues for the conservation of the product; little investment in technology and that the lack of marketing in the sector does not make known the benefits and qualities that the product has in its consumption.&#x0D; Originality/Value: This study contributes to a literature in which it shows in an exploratory way how marketing management is developed in an economic sector of the country and how it impacts its sustainability, as well as showing a possible market strategy to enhance it.

Public administration of domestic solid waste management as a direction for the protection of consumer rights

The scientific article is devoted to the public administration of solid household waste management as a direction of consumer rights protection. Attention was drawn to the positive aspects of public administration regarding the management of solid household waste as a means of protecting consumer rights (for example, in the Dnipropetrovsk region): the existence of the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine until 2030; availability of a regulatory and legislative framework in the field of management and handling of solid household waste; availability of "Methodical recommendations for the development of regional waste management plans”; existence of a solid household waste management program in the Dnipropetrovsk region for 2022-2024; positive experience of the EU and other developed countries in the field of effective management and handling of solid household waste; the presence of a solid household waste collection and disposal system; availability of municipal solid waste landfills; availability of enterprises for processing, processing and disposal of hazardous components of solid household waste; initiation of elements of separate collection of solid household waste; gradual formation of awareness among the population regarding the need to separate resource-valuable components from the general flow of solid household waste.&#x0D; It was concluded that the problematic issues in public administration regarding the handling of solid household waste as a direction of consumer rights protection (for example, in the Dnipropetrovsk region): the tendency to increase the scale of generation and accumulation of solid household waste; lack of a systematic approach to creating effective management and handling of solid household waste; insufficient funding of solid waste management and management; low level of implementation of previous regional solid waste management and handling programs; low level of utilization of resource-valuable components of solid household waste; lack of waste transfer stations and waste processing enterprises, etc.

Validation of spectrophotometric and colorimetric methods for determination of efavirenz in various biological matrices: Application to the development of dissolvable microneedle-based efavirenz complex inclusion for vaginal delivery

One of the antiretroviral treatments (ART) used to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease is efavirenz (EFV). EFV itself has bioavailability issues during oral therapy due to its poor solubility. When injected, administration issues arise. Hence, creating medication delivery methods was crucial to creating EFV delivery. HIV therapy benefits from the vaginal medication delivery system's ease of use, higher bioavailability, and quick systemic absorption in the surface folds. In this study, an inclusion complex (IC) was added to the EFV formulation to increase solubility, and dissolving microneedles (DMN) was used for delivery to increase penetration. Here, in support of this formulation creation process, we carried out validation utilizing spectrophotometric and colorimetric techniques. The amount of EFV was determined by validating ethanol and artificial vaginal fluid (AVF) using UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Vaginal tissue and plasma were also validated using colorimetric with the β-naphthol reagent. The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements were adhered to in verifying the creation of analytical procedures. The outcomes demonstrated a linear correlation value of ≥0.9998. The LLOQ levels were 0.99 g/mL, 0.97 g/mL, 0.66 g/mL, 0.74 g/mL, and 0.74 g/mL in ethanol, AVF, porcine vaginal tissue, rat vaginal tissue, and vaginal plasma, respectively. The developed precision and accuracy were confirmed. The approach was successfully used to determine the amount of EFV in inclusion complex integration and DMN platform. The outcomes demonstrated high IC-EFV incorporation release and penetration profiles, permeation and high drug retention andex vivokinetics in the vagina and enhanced bioavailability fromin vivostudy pharmacokinetic profiles of DMN-IC-EFV.

Philosophy, Governance and Law in the System of Social Action: Moral and Instrumental Problems of Genetic Research

The research analyzes the process of formation of the ethics committee as a new institution in the system of regulation of genetic research. The external factors of this process are the increasing digitalization of medical and research practices, as well as the special situation that is developing in the field of genomic research and the use of genetic technologies, where issues of philosophy, jurisprudence and administration have generated many fundamentally new, and sometimes unexpected contexts. The author shows the similarity and difference of approaches to the inclusion of the ethics committee in the national regulatory systems of different countries and determines the prospects for further integration of the new institution into normative and administrative-regulatory and law enforcement practices. The research applies all the main methods of system analysis and structural and functional analysis, as well as the comparative legal method. At the stage of generalization of empirical material, the author turns to the means and methods of philosophical phenomenology and phenomenological sociology. The study revealed that the ethics committee may have different institutional and regulatory functions in a variety of management and legal systems. Being hybrid in nature, the ethics committee performs various functions, and in various state legal systems and traditions it can combine elements of legislative, executive and judicial power. At times, the ethics committee may go beyond the scope of both a purely administrative and exclusively legal regulator. All this indicates that the integration of this institution into the legal system and into a variety of social practices is far from being completed.

Optimizing Patient Recruitment in Global Clinical Trials using Nature-Inspired Metaheuristics

A common problem seen in the ineffective execution of global multicenter trials is the frequent inability to recruit a sufficient number of patients. A myriad of barriers to recruiting enough patients timely exist and may include practical limits on the number of recruiting sites imposed by the various countries, as well as administrative, cost and unanticipated issues. The Poisson-gamma recruitment model is a widely accepted statistical tool used to predict and track recruitment at different levels of a trial and make inference. An optimal recruitment plan can be designed using mathematical optimization, however, the search is complicated with multiple nonlinear objectives and constraints that arise from regulatory and budgetary considerations. We review nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms which are powerful, flexible, general purpose optimization tools and demonstrate their capability and utility in optimizing complex recruitment designs for global clinical trials using the Poisson-gamma model as an exemplary model. This research opens up new avenues for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of patient recruitment in clinical trials, thereby potentially accelerating the development of new medical treatments.

Pharmacist certification of drug therapy modification: A survey of pharmacist‐reported practices, facilitators, and barriers in Georgia

AbstractIntroductionCollaborative drug therapy management (CDTM) allows pharmacists to assess patients, administer medications, manage and adjust medication regimens, and order laboratory tests within a defined protocol. Pharmacist CDTM may aid in preventative care and chronic condition management.ObjectivesThe primary objectives were to identify CDTM services provided by pharmacists in the state of Georgia, examine factors associated with the provision of CDTM services, and identify barriers and facilitators to CDTM service provision. The secondary objective was to assess differences in CDTM practice between pharmacists who completed a Registered Pharmacist (R.Ph.)/Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.), postgraduate year one (PGY1), or postgraduate year two (PGY2) residency.MethodsUsing the Dilman method, this cross‐sectional study invited all 134 CDTM‐licensed pharmacists in Georgia to complete a 30‐min electronic survey. Data included demographics, training, services offered, disease states managed, and perceptions regarding CDTM implementation. Descriptive statistics, Welchs analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi‐square were conducted using SPSS v28.ResultsA total of 36 (26.9%) pharmacists completed the survey. Participants offered a median of three CDTM services. A majority offered medication therapy management (86.1%) and chronic care management (66.7%). A majority offered services for diabetes (58.3%), hyperlipidemia (55.6%), and hypertension (55.6%). There were differences in the mean ranked number of CDTM services offered between R.Ph./Pharm.D. and PGY2 groups (−11.667, p = 0.019), and the mean ranked number of disease states covered between R.Ph./Pharm.D. and PGY1 (−10.990, p = 0.029) and R.Ph./Pharm.D. and PGY2 (−12.640, p = 0.010, adjusted p‐value) groups. Reported CDTM facilitators were job requirements, expanding patient care, job satisfaction/personal advancement, and expanding professional practice. Reported challenges were continuing education, clinical/interprofessional concerns, administration issues with the board of pharmacy or individual practice site, and regulations differing from other states.ConclusionOf those with CDTM licensure, a majority offer medication therapy management and chronic care management services covering diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Postgraduate training may help prepare pharmacists to engage in CDTM services.

Analysis of Current Rules and Regulations for Preclinical Studies of Radiopharmaceuticals

SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. Owing to specific aspects of their development and use, radiopharmaceuticals require separate rules and regulations for preclinical studies. However, current legislation and regulations on the organisation and conduct of preclinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals contain a number of contradictions and need improvement.AIM. This review aimed to analyse the rules and regulations governing preclinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals in the Russian Federation and abroad.DISCUSSION. The regulatory requirements for preclinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals that are conducted by specialised institutions in Russia and abroad have several shortcomings and inconsistencies. Laboratories working with animals and open sources of ionising radiation should prioritise regulations related to radiation safety. Radiation safety requirements should be in line with the sanitary standards and practical guidelines used in preclinical studies. This review covers the specific aspects of conducting preclinical studies of therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. According to the review results, international guidelines for preclinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals focus on systematising the applicable requirements and aim at providing a consistent approach to preclinical studies to reduce the conduct of studies that are not informative for a specific radiopharmaceutical product.CONCLUSIONS. Radiation safety requirements should be harmonised with international guidelines. Methodological recommendations and local regulations should be developed and approved to facilitate the resolution of regulatory issues related to the organisation and conduct of preclinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals. Many medical, social, technical, and administrative issues need addressing at the inter-institutional and/or national level.

Treatment overshadowing as a reason for patient non-attendance at pelvic-floor muscle training sessions

This study explores the reasons for patient non-attendance at scheduled pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) sessions. Although only limited research has been conducted on this topic, it is crucial to understand its implications for resources, non-attendance rates and the significance of the underlying reasons. Forty-four women were selected at random from patients with pelvic floor dysfunction who had not attended a scheduled PFMT session within the past 12 months. Semi-structured telephone interviews were used to gain information about the reasons for patient non-attendance, and three were identified by qualitative analysis. Life events and comorbidities, as well as administrative issues (e.g. not receiving the appointment letter) were found to be important. A new issue, termed “treatment overshadowing”, was also identified, i.e. the manner with which one treatment option was introduced by a referring medical practitioner interfered with the consideration of the other options. The latter has potential for further exploration and action to improve non-attendance rates at subsequent PFMT sessions.

Issues of state and public administration at the regional level in the context of the subject «Innovation Management»

The issue of public administration at the regional level was considered in the context of the subject «Innovative Management». The development of local self-government is of great importance for Ukraine and its population. The territorial community is the main subject of local self-government, which has its own functions and powers. The main role in management is performed by local self-government bodies that interact with state administrations. Regional military administrations have become key in the system of coordination and management of military issues at the regional level. The public plays a significant role in military administration and ensuring national security through active participation in public administration.